Coleoptera - Revision history

KristinaG at 14:53, 10 December 2018

2018-12-10T14:53:18Z

KristinaG at 14:59, 19 November 2018

2018-11-19T14:59:14Z

KristinaG at 13:47, 19 November 2018

2018-11-19T13:47:25Z

KristinaG at 09:50, 14 November 2018

2018-11-14T09:50:43Z

KristinaG at 11:45, 14 June 2018

2018-06-14T11:45:01Z

KristinaG at 11:33, 14 June 2018

2018-06-14T11:33:48Z

KristinaG at 09:24, 12 June 2018

2018-06-12T09:24:58Z

KristinaG at 12:57, 16 May 2018

2018-05-16T12:57:42Z

KristinaG at 11:48, 14 May 2018

2018-05-14T11:48:08Z

KristinaG at 11:24, 9 May 2018

2018-05-09T11:24:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 10 December 2018
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−	'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., & Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466.</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (''Apis mellifera''). Apidologie 34, 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakened, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>	+	'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., & Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466.</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., & Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (''Apis mellifera''). Apidologie 34, 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakened, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
	----		----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., & Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (Apis mellifera ). Apidologie 34 , 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/>  Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakened, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
+'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., & Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466.</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (''Apis mellifera''). Apidologie 34, 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/>  Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakened, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
 ----
-'''Ethiopia:''' Small (SHB) hive beetles, native to the sub-Saharan Africa, <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> and the large (LHB) hive beetle are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (2018) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (2018). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 6(8), 1-6.</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref name="Ellis">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>
+'''Ethiopia:''' Small (SHB) hive beetles, native to the sub-Saharan Africa, <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> and the large (LHB) hive beetle are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (2018) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (2018). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 6(8), 1-6.</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref name="Ellis">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101.</ref>
-'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information on hive beetles in Indonesia (e.g. presence, infestation severity, ...), <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> but assuming a successful host swap, Oldroyd and colleagues believe, that ''A. tumida'' may become a threat to '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. cerana'']]''' due to infested shipments from Australia to Asia! <ref>Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
+'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information on hive beetles in Indonesia (e.g. presence, infestation severity, ...), <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> but assuming a successful host swap, Oldroyd and colleagues believe, that ''A. tumida'' may become a threat to '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. cerana'']]''' due to infested shipments from Australia to Asia! <ref>Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312.</ref>
 ==References==
 <references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 19 November 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:


−	'''Ethiopia:''' Small (SHB) hive beetles, native to the sub-Saharan Africa, <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> and the large (LHB) hive beetle are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (~~in press~~) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (~~in press~~). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. (~~status: 09.05.2018~~).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref name="Ellis">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>	+	'''Ethiopia:''' Small (SHB) hive beetles, native to the sub-Saharan Africa, <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> and the large (LHB) hive beetle are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (2018) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (2018). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 6(8), 1-6.</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref name="Ellis">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
-'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information on hive beetles in Indonesia (e.g. presence, infestation severity, ...), <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> but assuming a successful host swap, Oldroyd and colleagues believe, that ''A. tumida'' may become a threat to ''[[A. cerana]]'' due to infested shipments from Australia to Asia! <ref>Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
+'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information on hive beetles in Indonesia (e.g. presence, infestation severity, ...), <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> but assuming a successful host swap, Oldroyd and colleagues believe, that ''A. tumida'' may become a threat to '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. cerana'']]''' due to infested shipments from Australia to Asia! <ref>Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
 ==References==
 <references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:45, 14 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (Apis mellifera ). Apidologie 34 , 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already ~~weakend~~, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>	+	'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., & Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (Apis mellifera ). Apidologie 34 , 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakened, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
	----		----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakend, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
+'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and species from the family '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the adult '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey, pollen and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> <ref>Ellis, J. D., Hepburn, H. R., Delaplane, K., Neumann, P., Elzen, P. J. (2003). The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (Apis mellifera ). Apidologie 34 , 399-408.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and comb store and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Based on an endemic distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa, the SHB was brought over sea and introduced to other continents (i.e. America, Australia, Europe). <ref name="Ellis"/>  Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakend, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
 ----
-'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (in press) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. (status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>
+'''Ethiopia:''' Small (SHB) hive beetles, native to the sub-Saharan Africa, <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> and the large (LHB) hive beetle are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (in press) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. (status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref name="Ellis">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>
-'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information on hive beetles in Indonesia (e.g. distribution, infestation severity, ...), but assuming a successful host swap, Oldroyd and colleagues believe, that ''A. tumida'' may become a threat to ''[[A. cerana]]'' due to infested shipments from Australia to Asia! <ref>Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
+'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information on hive beetles in Indonesia (e.g. presence, infestation severity, ...), <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> but assuming a successful host swap, Oldroyd and colleagues believe, that ''A. tumida'' may become a threat to ''[[A. cerana]]'' due to infested shipments from Australia to Asia! <ref>Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
 ==References==
 <references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:24, 12 June 2018
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−	'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered ~~to be~~ a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (in press) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia.(status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> ~~<ref name="Pirk 2015"/>~~	+	'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered as a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (in press) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. (status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>

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-'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Nitidulidae, Coleoptera) and '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Scarabaeidae; Coleoptera) are known as the small, and the large hive beetle, respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis Aethina tumida ? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakend, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
+'''''Aethina tumida''''' (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae) and '''Cetoniinae''' (e.g. ''Oplostomus fuligineus'', ''Oplostomus haroldi''; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) are known as the '''small''', and the '''large hive beetle''', respectively. <ref name="Neumann 2015">Neumann, P., Pettis, J. S., Schäfer, M. O. (2015). Quo vadis ''Aethina tumida''? Biology and control of small hive beetles. Apidologie, 47, 427–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-016-0426-x</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.100/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> The large hive beetle consumes honey and honey bee brood. It invades the hive, instead of breeding in it. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> The small hive beetle uses the honey bee hive as a protection from various environmental influences and as a food ressource. The larvae tunnel through the hive and cause damage to it (i.e. honey combs, brood and pollen). <ref name="Neumann 2015"/> Assuming the beetles are not present in numerous amount and the honey bee colony is not already weakend, it can be considered, that an infestation with Cetoniinae does not significantly impact the colony. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> Otherwise, the presence increases the rate of absconding in weakened honey bee colonies. In addition, they do play an important role as a vector of viruses and bacteria. <ref>Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.</ref>
 ----
-'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered to be a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. that was not published yet, revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia.(status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods Unfortunately, there is no further information about the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015"/>
+'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered to be a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. (in press) revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia.(status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods. Unfortunately, there is no further information on the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015"/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:24, 9 May 2018
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−	'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered to be a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. that was not published yet, revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia. ~~Not published yet~~ (status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods Unfortunately, there is no further information about the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015"/>	+	'''Ethiopia:''' The large (LHB) and the small (SHB) hive beetles are present, but so far it is considered to be a negligible pest. However, a study by Alemayehu et al. that was not published yet, revealed, that the small hive beetle may have a negative effect on honey bee colonies, especially in poor managed apiaries and/or hives. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia.(status: 09.05.2018).</ref> They described, that the presence of SHB led to severe reduction in honey bee products (honey, pollen, and also brood). The amount of SHB was higher in months following the dearth periods Unfortunately, there is no further information about the impact and infestation rate of Cetoniinae on Ethiopian honey bee colonies. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Pirk 2015"/>