Tropilaelaps spp. - Revision history

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Created page with "'''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the tracheal mites and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies. ''T. clareae'' is not able..."

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'''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the tracheal mites and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than two days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on ''A. mellifera'' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of ''[[Varroa]] destructor''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
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'''Ethiopia:''' There is whether information about a possible distribution, nor about dangerousness of Tropilaelaps spp. in Ethiopia!

'''Indonesia:''' ''Tropilaelaps spp.'' is present among Indonesia, but there is no data about dangerousness, nor treatment, indicating that ''Tropilaelaps'' represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Oldroyd"/>

==References==
<references/>
Damage in colonies: In colonies with high mite levels, Tropilaelaps causes damage similar to Varroa.
Death occurs in both brood and adult bees. This leads to colony decline and collapse, and can cause bees to abscond from their hives. Colonies of A. mellifera can be killed within one year of infestation by Tropilaelaps.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the '''tracheal mites''' and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
-''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312.</ref> Besides ''T. clarae'', other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic ''Tropilaelaps'' mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24.</ref>
+''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312.</ref> Besides ''T. clarae'', other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., & Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic ''Tropilaelaps'' mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24.</ref>
 ----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the '''tracheal mites''' and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
-''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312.</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic ''Tropilaelaps'' mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24.</ref>
+''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312.</ref> Besides ''T. clarae'', other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic ''Tropilaelaps'' mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24.</ref>
 ----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the '''tracheal mites''' and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
-''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic Tropilaelaps mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9103-0</ref>
+''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312.</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic ''Tropilaelaps'' mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24.</ref>
 ----
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
-'''Indonesia:''' ''Tropilaelaps spp.'' is present in Indonesia, but there is no data about dangerousness, nor treatment, indicating that ''Tropilaelaps'' represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. <ref name="Oldroyd"/> <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref>
+'''Indonesia:''' ''Tropilaelaps spp.'' is present in Indonesia, but there is no data about dangerousness, nor treatment, indicating that ''Tropilaelaps'' represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. <ref name="Oldroyd"/> <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101.</ref>
 ==References==
 <references/>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the '''tracheal mites''' and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
-''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''''[[A. mellifera]]''''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic Tropilaelaps mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9103-0</ref>
+''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''[[Honey bee species and subspecies|''A. mellifera'']]''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic Tropilaelaps mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9103-0</ref>
 ----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the '''tracheal mites''' and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
-''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''''[[A. mellifera]]''''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic Tropilaelaps mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-deWned species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9103-0</ref>
+''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than a few days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''''[[A. mellifera]]''''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref> Besides T. clarae, other tropilaelaps species, namely ''T. mercedesae'' and ''T. koenigerum' are native to Asia. <ref>Denis, L., Anderson, D. L., Morgan, M. J. (2007). Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic Tropilaelaps mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species. Exp Appl Acarol, 43, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9103-0</ref>
 ----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the tracheal mites and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
+'''''Tropilaelaps spp.''''' (Mesostigmata; Laelapidae) - ''T. clareae'' belongs to the '''tracheal mites''' and naturally infests ''A. dorsata'' colonies.
-''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than two days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on ''A. mellifera'' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of ''[[Varroa]] destructor''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
+''T. clareae'' is not able to life longer than two days on adult honey bees, but they are able to infest up to 90% of the brood. <ref name="Crane 1990">Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.</ref> The infestation of ''T. clareae'' on '''''[[A. mellifera]]''''' colonies leads to severe damage, that are similar to those of '''''[[Varroa]] destructor'''''. <ref name="Oldroyd">Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021</ref>
 ----

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
-'''Ethiopia:''' There is whether information about a possible distribution, nor about dangerousness of Tropilaelaps spp. in Ethiopia!
+'''Ethiopia:''' There is whether information about a possible distribution, nor about dangerousness of ''Tropilaelaps spp.'' in Ethiopia!
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==References==
 <references/>