Viruses - Revision history

KristinaG at 14:34, 10 December 2018

2018-12-10T14:34:38Z

KristinaG at 12:14, 20 November 2018

2018-11-20T12:14:45Z

KristinaG at 14:53, 19 November 2018

2018-11-19T14:53:25Z

KristinaG at 13:40, 19 November 2018

2018-11-19T13:40:38Z

KristinaG at 11:45, 15 November 2018

2018-11-15T11:45:50Z

KristinaG at 08:16, 14 June 2018

2018-06-14T08:16:43Z

KristinaG at 09:10, 12 June 2018

2018-06-12T09:10:22Z

KristinaG at 12:24, 5 June 2018

2018-06-05T12:24:57Z

KristinaG at 12:21, 5 June 2018

2018-06-05T12:21:26Z

KristinaG at 12:39, 16 May 2018

2018-05-16T12:39:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 10 December 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:


−	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> While multiple viruses were observed in the neighbouring countries ('''[[Threats for introduction of new pests]]'''), <ref>Kajobe, R., Marris, G., Budge, G., Laurenson, L., Cordoni, G., Jones, B., … Brown, M. A. (2010). First molecular detection of a viral pathogen in Ugandan honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104(2), 153–156.</ref> <ref>Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., … Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459.</ref> there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.	+	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> While multiple viruses were observed in the neighbouring countries ('''[[Threats for introduction of new pests]]'''), <ref>Kajobe, R., Marris, G., Budge, G., Laurenson, L., Cordoni, G., Jones, B., … Brown, M. A. (2010). First molecular detection of a viral pathogen in Ugandan honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104(2), 153–156.</ref> <ref>Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., …, & Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459.</ref> there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 20 November 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:


−	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> ~~However~~, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.	+	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> While multiple viruses were observed in the neighbouring countries ('''[[Threats for introduction of new pests]]'''), <ref>Kajobe, R., Marris, G., Budge, G., Laurenson, L., Cordoni, G., Jones, B., … Brown, M. A. (2010). First molecular detection of a viral pathogen in Ugandan honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104(2), 153–156.</ref> <ref>Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., … Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459.</ref> there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref>  Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis of bees. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/>  <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref>
+Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref>  Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis of bees. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/>  <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487.</ref>
 ----
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
-'''Indonesia:''' According to Ellis and Munn, 6 different honey bee viruses were observed in Asia. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> Unfortunately, there is a lack of data on the virus status in Indonesia.
+'''Indonesia:''' According to Ellis and Munn, 6 different honey bee viruses were observed in Asia. <ref>Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101.</ref> Unfortunately, there is a lack of data on the virus status in Indonesia.
 ==References==
 <references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 19 November 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:


−	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia~~, but every 5 years a nationwide survey is conducted, where XXXX~~.	+	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:45, 15 November 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:


−	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.	+	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia, but every 5 years a nationwide survey is conducted, where XXXX.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 14 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref>	+	Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis of bees. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref>
	----		----

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:10, 12 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> ~~<ref name="Pirk 2015"/>~~ Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis. <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref~~> <ref name="Pirk 2015"/~~>	+	Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref>
	----		----

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 5 June 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:


−	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia. ~~<ref name="Pirk 2015"/>~~	+	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.