Difference between revisions of "Treatments (if any) commonly applied to different pests"

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'''Ethiopia:''' To tread an infestation with '''[[ants]]''', Ethiopian beekeepers use several traditional methods such as placing the hive on small cans and fill them with ash and dirty engine oil (Gidey & Mekonen 2010; Teklu Gebretsadik 2016), bring out ash around the hive, frequent smoking or using  local eucalyptus leaves for fumigation. <ref>Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92.</ref> <ref name="Teklu 2016">Teklu G. W. (2016). Survey on honeybee pests and predators in Sidama and Gedeo zones of Southern Ethiopia with emphasis on control practices. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 7(4), 173-181.</ref> Several studies revealed, that ants were one of the most threatening pests and predators. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/> <ref>Tolera, K., & Dejene, T. (2014). Assessment of the effect of seasonal honeybee management on honey production of Ethiopian honeybee (Apis mellifera) in modern beekeeping in Jimma Zone. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(5), 246–254.</ref>  Modern methods include the use of benzene, malathion and smooth iron sheets. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/> So far, no information about frequent treatment against '''[[Varroa]]''' mites could be found. But it is considered, that in most regions of Ethiopia, no treatment at all is used. Reasons can be a  lack of knowledge about the severe impact of '''[[Varroa]]''' spp. on honey bees. Propolis may be one natural alternative to pesticides against the parasitic mite'. Studies revealed that propolis is a natural acaricide. <ref>Ebisa, M., Eyob, H., Dasselegn, B., Lama, Y., Abdisa B., & Misganu, C. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Varroa Mite and Antivarroa Effect of Propolis in Walmara District of Oromia Special Zone Around Finfine, Ethiopia.  Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000370</ref> In a study conducted by Teklu (2016), beekeepers from southern Ethiopia practiced following traditional methods to destroy mites in the hives: burning, killing, and removing the whole hive. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/>   
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'''Ethiopia:''' To tread an infestation with '''[[ants]]''', Ethiopian beekeepers use several traditional methods such as placing the hive on small cans and fill them with ash and dirty engine oil, bring out ash around the hive, frequent smoking or using  local eucalyptus leaves for fumigation. <ref>Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92.</ref> <ref name="Teklu 2016">Teklu G. W. (2016). Survey on honeybee pests and predators in Sidama and Gedeo zones of Southern Ethiopia with emphasis on control practices. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 7(4), 173-181.</ref> Several studies revealed, that '''[[ants]]''' were one of the most threatening pests and predators in Ethiopia. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/> <ref>Tolera, K., & Dejene, T. (2014). Assessment of the effect of seasonal honeybee management on honey production of Ethiopian honeybee (''Apis mellifera'') in modern beekeeping in Jimma Zone. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(5), 246–254.</ref>  Modern methods include the use of benzene, malathion and smooth iron sheets. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/> So far, no information about frequent treatment against '''''[[Varroa]]''''' mites was found, but it is considered, that in most regions of Ethiopia, no treatment at all is used. One reason may be a  lack of knowledge about the severe impact of '''''[[Varroa]]''''' spp. on honey bees. '''[[Propolis]]''' acts as a natural acaricide and therefore may be an effective treatment method against '''''[[Varroa]]'''''. <ref>Ebisa, M., Eyob, H., Dasselegn, B., Lama, Y., Abdisa B., & Misganu, C. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of ''Varroa'' Mite and Antivarroa Effect of Propolis in Walmara District of Oromia Special Zone Around Finfine, Ethiopia.  Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000370</ref> <ref>Shimelis, M., Yared, K., & Desalegn, B. (2016). Major Honey Bee Health Problem with Particular Emphasis to Anti-Varroa Investigation of Propolis in Toke-Kutaye District, Ethiopia. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 11(5), 320-331. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejsr.2016.11.5.10418</ref> In a study conducted by Teklu (2016), beekeepers from southern Ethiopia practiced following traditional methods to destroy mites in the hives: burning, killing, and removing the whole hive. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/>  To treat an infestation of the '''Small Hive Beetle (SHB)''', Alemayehu et al. (in press.) recommend to combine seasonal colony management (removing unoccupied frames, regular hive cleaning, additional feeding in the dearth period, …) with the trapping of '''SHB'''s’ larvae by dead brood trap to increase the treatment success. <ref>Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye, N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia</ref> Modern treatment methods include the use of DDT, or roach killer. <ref name="Teklu 2016"/>
  
  
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'''Indonesia:'''  
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'''Indonesia:''' So far, there is no information about treatment methods against pest and predators affecting honey bees in Indonesia!
  
  
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==References==
 
==References==
 
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Treatments (if any) commonly applied to different pests
 
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SHB: By comparison of several management practices, the authors found that seasonal colony management (removing unoccupied frames, regular hive cleaning, additional feeding in the dearth period, …) may be the best treatment against SHB. They recommend to combine it with the trapping of SHBs’ larvae by dead brood trap to increase the treatment success (Alemayehu, in press). Modern methods: DDT and roach killer (Teklu 2016).
 
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Revision as of 12:00, 14 May 2018

Ethiopia: To tread an infestation with ants, Ethiopian beekeepers use several traditional methods such as placing the hive on small cans and fill them with ash and dirty engine oil, bring out ash around the hive, frequent smoking or using local eucalyptus leaves for fumigation. [1] [2] Several studies revealed, that ants were one of the most threatening pests and predators in Ethiopia. [2] [3] Modern methods include the use of benzene, malathion and smooth iron sheets. [2] So far, no information about frequent treatment against Varroa mites was found, but it is considered, that in most regions of Ethiopia, no treatment at all is used. One reason may be a lack of knowledge about the severe impact of Varroa spp. on honey bees. Propolis acts as a natural acaricide and therefore may be an effective treatment method against Varroa. [4] [5] In a study conducted by Teklu (2016), beekeepers from southern Ethiopia practiced following traditional methods to destroy mites in the hives: burning, killing, and removing the whole hive. [2] To treat an infestation of the Small Hive Beetle (SHB), Alemayehu et al. (in press.) recommend to combine seasonal colony management (removing unoccupied frames, regular hive cleaning, additional feeding in the dearth period, …) with the trapping of SHBs’ larvae by dead brood trap to increase the treatment success. [6] Modern treatment methods include the use of DDT, or roach killer. [2]


Indonesia: So far, there is no information about treatment methods against pest and predators affecting honey bees in Indonesia!


References

  1. ↑ Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Teklu G. W. (2016). Survey on honeybee pests and predators in Sidama and Gedeo zones of Southern Ethiopia with emphasis on control practices. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 7(4), 173-181.
  3. ↑ Tolera, K., & Dejene, T. (2014). Assessment of the effect of seasonal honeybee management on honey production of Ethiopian honeybee (Apis mellifera) in modern beekeeping in Jimma Zone. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(5), 246–254.
  4. ↑ Ebisa, M., Eyob, H., Dasselegn, B., Lama, Y., Abdisa B., & Misganu, C. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Varroa Mite and Antivarroa Effect of Propolis in Walmara District of Oromia Special Zone Around Finfine, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000370
  5. ↑ Shimelis, M., Yared, K., & Desalegn, B. (2016). Major Honey Bee Health Problem with Particular Emphasis to Anti-Varroa Investigation of Propolis in Toke-Kutaye District, Ethiopia. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 11(5), 320-331. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejsr.2016.11.5.10418
  6. ↑ Alemayehu, G., Amssalu, B., & Taye, N. (in press). Investigating the effect and control of small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (murray) on honeybee colonies in Ethiopia
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