Difference between revisions of "Spesies dan subspesies lebah madu"
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| − | + | Tabel berikut menunjukkan spesies lebah asli dan subspesies dari Ethiopia dan Indonesia. Di Ethiopia, lima** s** subspesies A. mellifera, spesies non-Apis dan A. florea telah diperkenalkan, sedangkan di Indonesia tiga subspesies A. cerana, dua A. dorsata, A. mellifera yang diperkenalkan, 5 spesies Apis lainnya dan spesies non-Apis adalah spesies asli. | |
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| + | Tabel: Spesies Apis dan spesies non-Apis yang digunakan untuk produk lebah di Ethiopia dan Indonesia ditunjukkan. + singkatan dari spesies, yang terjadi di negara tertentu, *+ menjelaskan spesies yang diperkenalkan. ** Literatur tidak konsisten dalam mendefinisikan A. m. bandasii sebagai subspesies sendiri: bagian dari literatur ilmiah mengklaim bahwa A. m. bandasii milik A. m. jemenitica. <ref>Al-Ghamdi, A. A., Nuru, A., Khanbash, M. S., & Smith, D. R. (2013). Geographical distribution and population variation of ''Apis mellifera jemenitica'' Ruttner. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(3), 124-133.</ref> <ref>Amssalu, B., Nuru, A., Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (2004). Multivariate morphometric analysis of honeybees (''Apis mellifera'') in the Ethiopian region. Apidologie 35, 71–81.</ref> <ref>Engel, M. S. (1999). Taxonomy of Recent and Fossil Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; ''Apis''). J. Hym. Res., 8(2), 165-196.</ref> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002">Nuru, A., Amssalu, B., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Swarming and migration in the honey bees (''Apis mellifera'') of Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 35–41.</ref> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | colspan="6" align=center style="color:#000000;" | '''''Apis mellifera''''' | ||
| + | | colspan="3" align=center style="color:#000000;" | '''''Apis cerana''''' | ||
| + | | colspan="2" align=center style="color:#000000;" | '''''Apis dorsata''''' | ||
| + | | colspan="5" align=center style="color:#000000;" | '''Other ''Apis'' species''' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''Non-''Apis'' species''' | ||
| + | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. m. bandasii** '' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. m. monticola'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. m. jemenitica'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. m. scutellata'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. m. woyi-gambella'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. mellifera sp.'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. c. himalayana'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. c. indica'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. c. nuluensis'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. d. binghami '' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. d. dorsata '' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. florea'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. andreniformis'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. koschevnikovi'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. nigrocincta'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''A. nuluensis'' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | ''Trigona spp.'' | ||
| + | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| + | | rowspan="1"| '''Ethiopia''' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997">Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (1997). Multivariate analysis of honeybees, ''Apis mellifera'' Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of the Horn of Africa. African Entomology, 5, 57–64.</ref> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016">Tesfu, F. & Abebe, H. (2016). Current Trends of Honey Bee Genetic Resources in Ethiopia – A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 8(5), 31737-31739.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014">Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''<nowiki>*+</nowiki>''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref>Bezabih, G., Adgaba, N., Hepburn, H. R., & Pirk, C. W. W. (2014). The Territorial Invasion of ''Apis florea'' in Africa. African Entomology, 22(4), 888–890.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref>Fichtl, R., & Adi, A. (1994). Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlag, Germany.</ref> <ref>Pauly, A., & Hora, Z. A. (2013). Apini and Meliponini from Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Apinae). Belg. J. Entomol, 16, 1–36.</ref> | ||
| + | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| + | | rowspan="1"|'''Indonesia''' | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''<nowiki>*+</nowiki>''' <ref>Anderson, D. L. (1994). Non-reproduction of ''Varroa jacobsoni'' in ''Apis mellifera'' colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie, 25(4), 412–421.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016">Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (''Apis cerana'') is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97.</ref> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005">Roubik, D. W. (2005). Honeybees in Borneo. In D. W. Roubik, S. Sakai, & A. A. Hamid Karim (Hrsg.), Pollination Ecology and the Rain Forest (Bd. 174, 89–103). New York: Springer-Verlag.</ref> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008">Hadisoesilo, S., Raffiudin, R., Susanti, W., Atmowidi, T., Hepburn, C., Radloff, S. E., … Hepburn, H. R. (2008). Morphometric analysis and biogeography of ''Apis koschevnikovi'' Enderlein (1906). Apidologie, 39(5), 495–503.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref>Hadisoesilo, S. (2001). Diversity in traditional techniques for enticing ''Apis dorsata'' colonies in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 37th international congress. Apimondia, Durban.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> <ref>Tanaka, H., Roubik, D. W., Kato, M., Liew, F., & Gunsalam, G. (2001). Phylogenetic position of ''Apis nuluensis'' of northern Borneo and phylogeography of ''A. cerana'' as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Insectes Sociaux, 48(1), 44–51.</ref> | ||
| + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
Latest revision as of 18:16, 18 February 2020
Tabel berikut menunjukkan spesies lebah asli dan subspesies dari Ethiopia dan Indonesia. Di Ethiopia, lima** s** subspesies A. mellifera, spesies non-Apis dan A. florea telah diperkenalkan, sedangkan di Indonesia tiga subspesies A. cerana, dua A. dorsata, A. mellifera yang diperkenalkan, 5 spesies Apis lainnya dan spesies non-Apis adalah spesies asli.
Tabel: Spesies Apis dan spesies non-Apis yang digunakan untuk produk lebah di Ethiopia dan Indonesia ditunjukkan. + singkatan dari spesies, yang terjadi di negara tertentu, *+ menjelaskan spesies yang diperkenalkan. ** Literatur tidak konsisten dalam mendefinisikan A. m. bandasii sebagai subspesies sendiri: bagian dari literatur ilmiah mengklaim bahwa A. m. bandasii milik A. m. jemenitica. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
| Apis mellifera | Apis cerana | Apis dorsata | Other Apis species | Non-Apis species | |||||||||||||
| A. m. bandasii** | A. m. monticola | A. m. jemenitica | A. m. scutellata | A. m. woyi-gambella | A. mellifera sp. | A. c. himalayana | A. c. indica | A. c. nuluensis | A. d. binghami | A. d. dorsata | A. florea | A. andreniformis | A. koschevnikovi | A. nigrocincta | A. nuluensis | Trigona spp. | |
| Ethiopia | + [5] [4] [6] [7] | + [5] [4] [7] [8] | + [5] [4] [6] [7] [8] | + [5] [4] [6] [7] [8] | + [4] [7] | *+ [8] [9] | + [10] [11] | ||||||||||
| Indonesia | *+ [12] | + [8] [13] [14] | + [8] [13] [14] | + [8] [13] [14] | + [8] [14] [15] | + [16] | + [8] [14] [15] | + [8] [15] | + [8] [14] [15] | + [8] [15] | + [8] [14] [17] | + [8] | |||||
References
- ↑ Al-Ghamdi, A. A., Nuru, A., Khanbash, M. S., & Smith, D. R. (2013). Geographical distribution and population variation of Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(3), 124-133.
- ↑ Amssalu, B., Nuru, A., Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (2004). Multivariate morphometric analysis of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the Ethiopian region. Apidologie 35, 71–81.
- ↑ Engel, M. S. (1999). Taxonomy of Recent and Fossil Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Apis). J. Hym. Res., 8(2), 165-196.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Nuru, A., Amssalu, B., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Swarming and migration in the honey bees (Apis mellifera) of Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 35–41.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (1997). Multivariate analysis of honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of the Horn of Africa. African Entomology, 5, 57–64.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Tesfu, F. & Abebe, H. (2016). Current Trends of Honey Bee Genetic Resources in Ethiopia – A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 8(5), 31737-31739.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands.
- ↑ Bezabih, G., Adgaba, N., Hepburn, H. R., & Pirk, C. W. W. (2014). The Territorial Invasion of Apis florea in Africa. African Entomology, 22(4), 888–890.
- ↑ Fichtl, R., & Adi, A. (1994). Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlag, Germany.
- ↑ Pauly, A., & Hora, Z. A. (2013). Apini and Meliponini from Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Apinae). Belg. J. Entomol, 16, 1–36.
- ↑ Anderson, D. L. (1994). Non-reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie, 25(4), 412–421.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (Apis cerana) is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Roubik, D. W. (2005). Honeybees in Borneo. In D. W. Roubik, S. Sakai, & A. A. Hamid Karim (Hrsg.), Pollination Ecology and the Rain Forest (Bd. 174, 89–103). New York: Springer-Verlag.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Hadisoesilo, S., Raffiudin, R., Susanti, W., Atmowidi, T., Hepburn, C., Radloff, S. E., … Hepburn, H. R. (2008). Morphometric analysis and biogeography of Apis koschevnikovi Enderlein (1906). Apidologie, 39(5), 495–503.
- ↑ Hadisoesilo, S. (2001). Diversity in traditional techniques for enticing Apis dorsata colonies in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 37th international congress. Apimondia, Durban.
- ↑ Tanaka, H., Roubik, D. W., Kato, M., Liew, F., & Gunsalam, G. (2001). Phylogenetic position of Apis nuluensis of northern Borneo and phylogeography of A. cerana as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Insectes Sociaux, 48(1), 44–51.
