Difference between revisions of "Propolis"
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'''Ethiopia:''' It is known, that propolis can be harvested from every hive type and 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional hives. <ref>Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92</ref> <ref name="Nuru"/> <ref>Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W.T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.</ref> | '''Ethiopia:''' It is known, that propolis can be harvested from every hive type and 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional hives. <ref>Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92</ref> <ref name="Nuru"/> <ref>Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W.T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.</ref> | ||
| − | While the yield of propolis is higher in traditional hives, the quality is lower due to a mixture of pure propolis with beeswax, hive debris or dead bees. <ref name="Nuru">Nuru, A., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Induction of propolis production by Apis mellifera bandasii in traditional basket and Langstroth movable-frame hives in Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(3-4), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101076</ref> So far, there is no information on propolis in tropical Africa (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...). Nuru et al. (2002) conducted a study, where propolis production was induced in traditional and in modern hive-systems. They exposed the hives to the external environmental conditions, by creating gaps within the hive. Bees show the behavior of filling those openings and, as prior expected, the propolis yield was higher in manipulated hive-systems. They found not only a correlation between the data of local weather stations and the propolis production, but also a significant difference between the amount of harvested propolis of traditional and modern bee hives. The authors claim, that small, cost effective methods can help to increase the outcome significantly. <ref name="Nuru"/> | + | While the yield of propolis is '''higher in traditional hives''', the '''quality is lower''' due to a mixture of pure propolis with beeswax, hive debris or dead bees. <ref name="Nuru">Nuru, A., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Induction of propolis production by ''Apis mellifera bandasii'' in traditional basket and Langstroth movable-frame hives in Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(3-4), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101076</ref> So far, there is '''no information''' on propolis in tropical Africa (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...). Nuru et al. (2002) conducted a study, where propolis production was induced in traditional and in modern hive-systems. They exposed the hives to the external environmental conditions, by creating gaps within the hive. Bees show the behavior of filling those openings and, as prior expected, the propolis yield was '''higher in manipulated hive-systems'''. They found not only a correlation between the data of local weather stations and the propolis production, but also a significant difference between the amount of harvested propolis of traditional and modern bee hives. The authors claim, that '''small, cost effective methods can help to increase the outcome significantly'''. <ref name="Nuru"/> |
| − | '''Indonesia:''' Stingless bees of the genus ''Trigona'' are known to produce more propolis than ''Apis'' species, therefore, Indonesian beekeepers use mainly colonies of ''Trigona spp.'' for the propolis production ("meliponiculture"). <ref>Agussalim, Umami, N., & Erwan (2015). Production of Stingless Bees (Trigona sp.) Propolis in Various Bee Hives Design. The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production. | + | '''Indonesia:''' Stingless bees of the genus ''Trigona'' are known to produce more propolis than ''Apis'' species, therefore, Indonesian beekeepers use mainly colonies of '''''Trigona spp.''''' for the propolis production ("meliponiculture"). <ref>Agussalim, Umami, N., & Erwan (2015). Production of Stingless Bees (''Trigona sp.'') Propolis in Various Bee Hives Design. The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production. 335-338.</ref> Unfortunately, there is '''no information''' on propolis business in Indonesia (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...)! |
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 09:41, 5 June 2018
Ethiopia: It is known, that propolis can be harvested from every hive type and 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional hives. [1] [2] [3] While the yield of propolis is higher in traditional hives, the quality is lower due to a mixture of pure propolis with beeswax, hive debris or dead bees. [2] So far, there is no information on propolis in tropical Africa (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...). Nuru et al. (2002) conducted a study, where propolis production was induced in traditional and in modern hive-systems. They exposed the hives to the external environmental conditions, by creating gaps within the hive. Bees show the behavior of filling those openings and, as prior expected, the propolis yield was higher in manipulated hive-systems. They found not only a correlation between the data of local weather stations and the propolis production, but also a significant difference between the amount of harvested propolis of traditional and modern bee hives. The authors claim, that small, cost effective methods can help to increase the outcome significantly. [2]
Indonesia: Stingless bees of the genus Trigona are known to produce more propolis than Apis species, therefore, Indonesian beekeepers use mainly colonies of Trigona spp. for the propolis production ("meliponiculture"). [4] Unfortunately, there is no information on propolis business in Indonesia (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...)!
References
- ↑ Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nuru, A., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Induction of propolis production by Apis mellifera bandasii in traditional basket and Langstroth movable-frame hives in Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(3-4), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101076
- ↑ Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W.T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.
- ↑ Agussalim, Umami, N., & Erwan (2015). Production of Stingless Bees (Trigona sp.) Propolis in Various Bee Hives Design. The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production. 335-338.
