Difference between revisions of "Major honey flows (plants, seasons)"

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'''Ethiopia:''' There are several important melliferous plant species within following botanical families: Acanthaceae (''Asystasia gangetica, Hypoestes forskaolii, Justicia bizuneshiae''), Agavaceae (''Agave sisalana''), Aloaceae (''Aloe spp.''), Anacaridaceae (''Ozoroa insignis''), Araliaceae (''Schefflera abyssinica''), Arecaceae (''Borassus aethiopum, Phoenix reclinata''), Asteraceae (''Bidens macroptera, B. pachyloma, Carduus camaecephalus, Carthamus tinctorius, Crassocephalum macropappum, Guizotia abyssinica, G. scabra, Helichrysum citrispinum, Mikaniopsis clematoides, Vernonia amygdalina''), Boraginaceae (''Cordia africana''), Cactaceae (''Opuntia ficus-indica''), Campanulaceae (''Lobelia rhynchopetalum''), Combretaceae (''Combretum molle, Terminalia brownii''), Ericaceae (''Erica arborea, E. trimera''), Euphorbiaceae (''Croton macrostachyus, Euphorbium candelabrum''), Fabaceae (''Acacia albia, A. brevispica, A. pentagona, A. senegal, A. seyal, A. sieberiana, A. tortilis, Albizia spp., Dichtrostachys cinera, Piliostigma thonningii, Trifolium spp.''), Hypericaceae (''Hypericum revolutum''), Lamiaceae (''Becium grandiflorum, Satureja punctata''),  Leguminosae (''Cassia arereh''),  Malvaceae (''Grewia mollis, G. villosa''), Moraceae (''Ficus sur''), Myrtaceae (''Eucalyptus globulus''), Oleaceae (''Olea Africana''), Poaceae (''Andropogon abyssinicus''), Rhamnaceae (''Berchemia discolor, Ziziphus pubescens''), Rosaceae (''Hagenia abyssinica''), Rubiaceae (''Coffea arabica''), Sapotaceae (''Aningeria adolfi-friederici, Mimusops lourifolia'') and Ulmaceae (''Celtis africana, C. toka'') <ref>Admasu A., Kibebew W., Ensermu K. & Amssalu B. (2014). Honeybee Forages of Ethiopia. Holeta Bee Research Center. Ethiopia.</ref><ref>El Mahi A.G. & Magid T.D.A. (2014) The Potential of ''Acacia seyal'' as a Resourceful Tree for Gum Arabic in Sudan. Gum Arabic Board (Sudan). Khartoum -December 2014</ref> <ref>Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W. & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer.</ref> <ref>Haftom G., Zelealem T., Girmay M. & Awet E. (2013). Seasonal honeybee forage availability, swarming, absconding and honey harvesting in Debrekidan and Begasheka Watersheds of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for RuralDevelopment 25(4)</ref>. It has to be mentioned, that there may be more relevant plant families.
 
'''Ethiopia:''' There are several important melliferous plant species within following botanical families: Acanthaceae (''Asystasia gangetica, Hypoestes forskaolii, Justicia bizuneshiae''), Agavaceae (''Agave sisalana''), Aloaceae (''Aloe spp.''), Anacaridaceae (''Ozoroa insignis''), Araliaceae (''Schefflera abyssinica''), Arecaceae (''Borassus aethiopum, Phoenix reclinata''), Asteraceae (''Bidens macroptera, B. pachyloma, Carduus camaecephalus, Carthamus tinctorius, Crassocephalum macropappum, Guizotia abyssinica, G. scabra, Helichrysum citrispinum, Mikaniopsis clematoides, Vernonia amygdalina''), Boraginaceae (''Cordia africana''), Cactaceae (''Opuntia ficus-indica''), Campanulaceae (''Lobelia rhynchopetalum''), Combretaceae (''Combretum molle, Terminalia brownii''), Ericaceae (''Erica arborea, E. trimera''), Euphorbiaceae (''Croton macrostachyus, Euphorbium candelabrum''), Fabaceae (''Acacia albia, A. brevispica, A. pentagona, A. senegal, A. seyal, A. sieberiana, A. tortilis, Albizia spp., Dichtrostachys cinera, Piliostigma thonningii, Trifolium spp.''), Hypericaceae (''Hypericum revolutum''), Lamiaceae (''Becium grandiflorum, Satureja punctata''),  Leguminosae (''Cassia arereh''),  Malvaceae (''Grewia mollis, G. villosa''), Moraceae (''Ficus sur''), Myrtaceae (''Eucalyptus globulus''), Oleaceae (''Olea Africana''), Poaceae (''Andropogon abyssinicus''), Rhamnaceae (''Berchemia discolor, Ziziphus pubescens''), Rosaceae (''Hagenia abyssinica''), Rubiaceae (''Coffea arabica''), Sapotaceae (''Aningeria adolfi-friederici, Mimusops lourifolia'') and Ulmaceae (''Celtis africana, C. toka'') <ref>Admasu A., Kibebew W., Ensermu K. & Amssalu B. (2014). Honeybee Forages of Ethiopia. Holeta Bee Research Center. Ethiopia.</ref><ref>El Mahi A.G. & Magid T.D.A. (2014) The Potential of ''Acacia seyal'' as a Resourceful Tree for Gum Arabic in Sudan. Gum Arabic Board (Sudan). Khartoum -December 2014</ref> <ref>Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W. & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer.</ref> <ref>Haftom G., Zelealem T., Girmay M. & Awet E. (2013). Seasonal honeybee forage availability, swarming, absconding and honey harvesting in Debrekidan and Begasheka Watersheds of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for RuralDevelopment 25(4)</ref>. It has to be mentioned, that there may be more relevant plant families.
  
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In general, there are two seasons of honey harvesting: October - November and April - June (before and after rainy season) <ref>Gemechis L.Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 7(5), 248-253</ref>.  
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In general, there are two seasons of honey harvesting: October - November and April - June (before and after rainy season) <ref>Gemechis L.Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 7(5), 248-253</ref>. However, due to the various [[climate]] zones in Ethiopia, honey harvesting depends on the particular region ("mini" harvesting seasons): e.g. in south-western Ethiopia there is a major harvesting season from April-June, and a minor one from November-January <ref>Awraris G.S., Yemisrach G., Dejen A., Nuru A., Gebeyehu G. & Workneh A. (2012). Honey production systems (Apis mellifera L.) in Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4(19), 528-541</ref>.
 
   
 
   
  

Revision as of 14:12, 2 May 2018

The classification of a plant species as "important" honey bee plant often depends on different opinions of surveyed beekeepers, due to different criteria selecting and recognizing them (nectar flow, pollen amount, flowering period, quality, frequency of honey bee visits, …).

Ethiopia: There are several important melliferous plant species within following botanical families: Acanthaceae (Asystasia gangetica, Hypoestes forskaolii, Justicia bizuneshiae), Agavaceae (Agave sisalana), Aloaceae (Aloe spp.), Anacaridaceae (Ozoroa insignis), Araliaceae (Schefflera abyssinica), Arecaceae (Borassus aethiopum, Phoenix reclinata), Asteraceae (Bidens macroptera, B. pachyloma, Carduus camaecephalus, Carthamus tinctorius, Crassocephalum macropappum, Guizotia abyssinica, G. scabra, Helichrysum citrispinum, Mikaniopsis clematoides, Vernonia amygdalina), Boraginaceae (Cordia africana), Cactaceae (Opuntia ficus-indica), Campanulaceae (Lobelia rhynchopetalum), Combretaceae (Combretum molle, Terminalia brownii), Ericaceae (Erica arborea, E. trimera), Euphorbiaceae (Croton macrostachyus, Euphorbium candelabrum), Fabaceae (Acacia albia, A. brevispica, A. pentagona, A. senegal, A. seyal, A. sieberiana, A. tortilis, Albizia spp., Dichtrostachys cinera, Piliostigma thonningii, Trifolium spp.), Hypericaceae (Hypericum revolutum), Lamiaceae (Becium grandiflorum, Satureja punctata), Leguminosae (Cassia arereh), Malvaceae (Grewia mollis, G. villosa), Moraceae (Ficus sur), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus globulus), Oleaceae (Olea Africana), Poaceae (Andropogon abyssinicus), Rhamnaceae (Berchemia discolor, Ziziphus pubescens), Rosaceae (Hagenia abyssinica), Rubiaceae (Coffea arabica), Sapotaceae (Aningeria adolfi-friederici, Mimusops lourifolia) and Ulmaceae (Celtis africana, C. toka) [1][2] [3] [4]. It has to be mentioned, that there may be more relevant plant families.

In general, there are two seasons of honey harvesting: October - November and April - June (before and after rainy season) [5]. However, due to the various climate zones in Ethiopia, honey harvesting depends on the particular region ("mini" harvesting seasons): e.g. in south-western Ethiopia there is a major harvesting season from April-June, and a minor one from November-January [6].


Indonesia:

References

  1. ↑ Admasu A., Kibebew W., Ensermu K. & Amssalu B. (2014). Honeybee Forages of Ethiopia. Holeta Bee Research Center. Ethiopia.
  2. ↑ El Mahi A.G. & Magid T.D.A. (2014) The Potential of Acacia seyal as a Resourceful Tree for Gum Arabic in Sudan. Gum Arabic Board (Sudan). Khartoum -December 2014
  3. ↑ Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W. & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer.
  4. ↑ Haftom G., Zelealem T., Girmay M. & Awet E. (2013). Seasonal honeybee forage availability, swarming, absconding and honey harvesting in Debrekidan and Begasheka Watersheds of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for RuralDevelopment 25(4)
  5. ↑ Gemechis L.Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 7(5), 248-253
  6. ↑ Awraris G.S., Yemisrach G., Dejen A., Nuru A., Gebeyehu G. & Workneh A. (2012). Honey production systems (Apis mellifera L.) in Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4(19), 528-541
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