Difference between revisions of "Propolis"

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'''Ethiopia:''' It is known, that propolis can be harvested from every hive type and 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional hives. <ref>Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1), 76-92. https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v2i1.49654</ref> <ref name="Nuru"/> <ref>Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W.T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.</ref>
 
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While the yield of propolis is '''higher in traditional hives''', the '''quality is lower''' due to a contamination of pure propolis with beeswax, hive debris or body parts of bees. <ref name="Nuru">Nuru, A., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Induction of propolis production by ''Apis mellifera bandasii'' in traditional basket and Langstroth movable-frame hives in Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(3-4), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101076</ref> So far, there is '''no information''' on propolis in tropical Africa (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...). Nuru et al. (2002) conducted a study, where propolis production was induced in traditional and in modern hive-systems. They exposed the hives to the external environmental conditions, by creating gaps within the hive. Bees show the behavior of filling those openings and, as prior expected, the propolis yield was '''higher in manipulated hive-systems'''. They found not only a correlation between the data of local weather stations and the propolis production, but also a significantly higher amount of harvested propolis in traditional, compared to modern bee hives. The authors claim, that '''small, cost effective methods can help to increase the outcome significantly'''. <ref name="Nuru"/> Thus, this simple method may be used to increase the propolis yield of small scale beekeepers.
 
  
  
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'''Indonesia:''' Stingless bees of the genus ''Trigona'' are known to collect higher amounts of propolis, compared to ''Apis'' species, therefore, Indonesian beekeepers use mainly colonies of '''''Trigona spp.''''' for the propolis production ("meliponiculture"; see: "[[Non-Apis managed bees or bees used for bee products]]"). <ref>Agussalim, Umami, N., & Erwan (2015). Production of Stingless Bees (''Trigona sp.'') Propolis in Various Bee Hives Design. The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production. 335-338.</ref> Unfortunately, there is '''no information''' on propolis business in Indonesia (e.g. best harvesting time, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, ...). In Indonesia, propolis is categorized as an '''herbal product''' and it is used for '''medical purposes'''. <ref name="Hasan">Hasan, A. E. Z., Mangunwidjaja, D., Sunarti, T. C., Suparno, O., & Setiyono, A. (2013). Optimasi Ekstraksi Propolis Menggunakan Cara Maserasi Dengan Pelarut Etanol 70% Dan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro Serta Karakterisasinya Sebagai Bahan Antikanker Payudara. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 23(1), 13-21.</ref> The existing interest and the potential is reflected by studies, conducted to improve extraction methods of the product. <ref name="Hasan"/> <ref>
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'''Ethiopia:''' It is known, that propolis can be harvested from every hive type and 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional '''[[hive types|hives]]'''. <ref>Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1), 76-92.</ref> <ref name="Nuru"/> <ref>Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W. T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.</ref>
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Wiwekiwati, & Walianto, S. (2017). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Propolis Dari Yogyakarta Dalam Kedokteran Gigi. Seminar Nasional Riset Inovatif. 105-109.</ref>
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While the yield of propolis is '''higher in traditional hives''', the '''quality is lower''' due to a contamination of pure propolis with beeswax, hive debris or body parts of bees. <ref name="Nuru">Nuru, A., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Induction of propolis production by ''Apis mellifera bandasii'' in traditional basket and Langstroth movable-frame hives in Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(3-4), 101–106.</ref> Nuru et al. (2002) conducted a study, where propolis production was induced in traditional and in modern hive-systems. They exposed the hives to the external environmental conditions, by creating gaps within the hive. Bees show the behavior of filling those openings and, as prior expected, the propolis yield was '''higher in manipulated hive-systems'''. They found not only a correlation between the data of local weather stations and the propolis production, but also a significantly higher amount of harvested propolis in traditional, compared to modern bee hives. The authors claim, that '''small, cost effective methods can help to increase the outcome significantly'''. <ref name="Nuru"/> Thus, this simple method may be used to increase the propolis yield of small scale beekeepers. Similar to '''[[pollen]]''', the Holeta Bee Research Center and the Ministry of Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute communicated, that there is no business for propolis, but beekeepers sometimes harvest it for home consumption (medical use). <ref>MoA & ILRI (2013). Apiculture value chain vision and strategy for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute.</ref>
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'''Indonesia:''' Stingless bees of the genus ''Trigona'' are known to collect higher amounts of propolis, compared to ''Apis'' species, therefore, Indonesian beekeepers use mainly colonies of '''''Trigona spp.''''' for  
 +
propolis production ("meliponiculture"; see: '''[[Non-Apis managed bees used for bee products]]'''). <ref>Agussalim, Umami, N., & Erwan (2015). Production of Stingless Bees (''Trigona sp.'') Propolis in Various Bee Hives Design. The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production. 335-338.</ref> In Indonesia, propolis is categorized as a '''herbal product''' and it is used for '''medical purposes'''. <ref name="Hasan">Hasan, A. E. Z., Mangunwidjaja, D., Sunarti, T. C., Suparno, O., & Setiyono, A. (2013). Optimasi Ekstraksi Propolis Menggunakan Cara Maserasi Dengan Pelarut Etanol 70% Dan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro Serta Karakterisasinya Sebagai Bahan Antikanker Payudara. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 23(1), 13-21.</ref> The existing interest and the potential is reflected by studies, conducted to improve extraction methods of the product. <ref name="Hasan"/> <ref>
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Wiwekiwati, & Walianto, S. (2017). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Propolis Dari Yogyakarta Dalam Kedokteran Gigi. Seminar Nasional Riset Inovatif. 105-109.</ref> According to local scientists (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia), a propolis business '''exists'''. The product is sold mainly '''online''' and also can be found in local herbal drug stores ('''[[prizes]]'''). There is '''missing information''' on best harvesting time of propolis, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, etc.
  
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
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Latest revision as of 13:12, 3 December 2019


Ethiopia: It is known, that propolis can be harvested from every hive type and 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional hives. [1] [2] [3] While the yield of propolis is higher in traditional hives, the quality is lower due to a contamination of pure propolis with beeswax, hive debris or body parts of bees. [2] Nuru et al. (2002) conducted a study, where propolis production was induced in traditional and in modern hive-systems. They exposed the hives to the external environmental conditions, by creating gaps within the hive. Bees show the behavior of filling those openings and, as prior expected, the propolis yield was higher in manipulated hive-systems. They found not only a correlation between the data of local weather stations and the propolis production, but also a significantly higher amount of harvested propolis in traditional, compared to modern bee hives. The authors claim, that small, cost effective methods can help to increase the outcome significantly. [2] Thus, this simple method may be used to increase the propolis yield of small scale beekeepers. Similar to pollen, the Holeta Bee Research Center and the Ministry of Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute communicated, that there is no business for propolis, but beekeepers sometimes harvest it for home consumption (medical use). [4]


Indonesia: Stingless bees of the genus Trigona are known to collect higher amounts of propolis, compared to Apis species, therefore, Indonesian beekeepers use mainly colonies of Trigona spp. for propolis production ("meliponiculture"; see: Non-Apis managed bees used for bee products). [5] In Indonesia, propolis is categorized as a herbal product and it is used for medical purposes. [6] The existing interest and the potential is reflected by studies, conducted to improve extraction methods of the product. [6] [7] According to local scientists (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia), a propolis business exists. The product is sold mainly online and also can be found in local herbal drug stores (prizes). There is missing information on best harvesting time of propolis, how much propolis can be expected per colony, impact of propolis production on other bee products, factors that affect the propolis production, official numbers, etc.


References

  1. ↑ Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1), 76-92.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nuru, A., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Induction of propolis production by Apis mellifera bandasii in traditional basket and Langstroth movable-frame hives in Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(3-4), 101–106.
  3. ↑ Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W. T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.
  4. ↑ MoA & ILRI (2013). Apiculture value chain vision and strategy for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute.
  5. ↑ Agussalim, Umami, N., & Erwan (2015). Production of Stingless Bees (Trigona sp.) Propolis in Various Bee Hives Design. The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production. 335-338.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hasan, A. E. Z., Mangunwidjaja, D., Sunarti, T. C., Suparno, O., & Setiyono, A. (2013). Optimasi Ekstraksi Propolis Menggunakan Cara Maserasi Dengan Pelarut Etanol 70% Dan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro Serta Karakterisasinya Sebagai Bahan Antikanker Payudara. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 23(1), 13-21.
  7. ↑ Wiwekiwati, & Walianto, S. (2017). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Propolis Dari Yogyakarta Dalam Kedokteran Gigi. Seminar Nasional Riset Inovatif. 105-109.
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