Difference between revisions of "Chalkbrood"
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| − | '''''Ascosphaera apis''''' (Ascosphaeraceae; Onygenales) is known to be a heterothallic organism and the causative agent of the chalkbrood disease. Germinated spores in the intestinal tract of the brood (<5 days old larvae are known to be most susceptible) lead to a mummification of the host. If untreated, the pathogen causes death due to enzymatic toxicological and mechanical damage. <ref> Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. ( | + | '''''Ascosphaera apis''''' (Ascosphaeraceae; Onygenales) is known to be a heterothallic organism and the causative agent of the chalkbrood disease. Germinated spores in the intestinal tract of the brood (<5 days old larvae are known to be most susceptible) lead to a mummification of the host. If untreated, the pathogen causes death due to enzymatic toxicological and mechanical damage. <ref> Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> <ref name="Mumoki 2014">Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref> |
Revision as of 08:33, 8 May 2018
Ascosphaera apis (Ascosphaeraceae; Onygenales) is known to be a heterothallic organism and the causative agent of the chalkbrood disease. Germinated spores in the intestinal tract of the brood (<5 days old larvae are known to be most susceptible) lead to a mummification of the host. If untreated, the pathogen causes death due to enzymatic toxicological and mechanical damage. [1] [2]
Ethiopia: A. apis is present and its geographical distribution and infestation rate is unequal within Ethiopia. No further information is available on chalkbrood disease in Ethiopia. [3] [4]
Indonesia: No further information is available on the chalkbrood disease in Indonesia!
References
- ↑ Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.
- ↑ Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313
- ↑ Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.
- ↑ Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6
