Difference between revisions of "Major honey flows (plants, seasons)"
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| − | '''Indonesia:''' | + | '''Indonesia:''' There is no information about important melliferous plant species for ''Apis mellifer''a. However, due to the similar morphology of ''A. mellifera'' and ''A. cerana'', it can be assumed, that floral species, important for ''A. cerana'', are also potential melliferous plant species for ''A. mellifera'': Acanthaceae (''Asystasia coromandeliana''), Anacardiaceae (''Mangifera indica, Mangifera spp.''), Arecaceae (''Areca catechu, Arenga pinnata, Caryota mitis, Cocos nucifera''), Asteraceae (''Bidens pilosa, Clibadium surinamens, Eupatorium inulifolium, E. odoratum, Galinsoga parviflora, Tithonia diversifolia, Mikania micrantha, Siplanthes iabadicensis, S. paniculata''), Bombacaceae (''Durio zibethinus''), Brassicaceae (''Brassica rapa, Brassica sp., Rorippa indica''), Caricaceae (''Carica papaya''), Cucurbitaceae (''Momordica charantia, Cucumis sativus, Sechium edule''), Cyperaceae (''Cyperus kylingia''), Euphorbiaceae (''Aleurites moluccana, Omalanthus pupulneus''), Fabaceae (''Acacia auriculiformis, Leucaena glauca, Mimosa invisa, M. pigra, M. pudica, Pithecellobium lobatum, Perkia speciosa''), Graminae (''Oryza sativa, Zea mays''), Lauraceae (''Cinnamomum burmanii, Persea americana''), Loranthaceae (''Loranthus europaeus''), Lythraceae (''Cupea spp.''), Meliaceae (''Melia azedarach, Toona sureni''), Myrtaceae (''Psidium guajava'') & Verbenaceae (''Tectona grandis'') <ref>Jasmi (2017). Diversity and blooming season of food sources plant of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in polyculture plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(1), 34-40.</ref>. |
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 16:34, 2 May 2018
The classification of a plant species as "important" honey bee plant often depends on different opinions of surveyed beekeepers, due to different criteria selecting and recognizing them (nectar flow, pollen amount, flowering period, quality, frequency of honey bee visits, …).
Ethiopia: There are several important melliferous plant species within following botanical families: Acanthaceae (Asystasia gangetica, Hypoestes forskaolii, Justicia bizuneshiae), Agavaceae (Agave sisalana), Aloaceae (Aloe spp.), Anacaridaceae (Ozoroa insignis), Araliaceae (Schefflera abyssinica), Arecaceae (Borassus aethiopum, Phoenix reclinata), Asteraceae (Bidens macroptera, B. pachyloma, Carduus camaecephalus, Carthamus tinctorius, Crassocephalum macropappum, Guizotia abyssinica, G. scabra, Helichrysum citrispinum, Mikaniopsis clematoides, Vernonia amygdalina), Boraginaceae (Cordia africana), Cactaceae (Opuntia ficus-indica), Campanulaceae (Lobelia rhynchopetalum), Combretaceae (Combretum molle, Terminalia brownii), Ericaceae (Erica arborea, E. trimera), Euphorbiaceae (Croton macrostachyus, Euphorbium candelabrum), Fabaceae (Acacia albia, A. brevispica, A. pentagona, A. senegal, A. seyal, A. sieberiana, A. tortilis, Albizia spp., Dichtrostachys cinera, Piliostigma thonningii, Trifolium spp.), Hypericaceae (Hypericum revolutum), Lamiaceae (Becium grandiflorum, Satureja punctata), Leguminosae (Cassia arereh), Malvaceae (Grewia mollis, G. villosa), Moraceae (Ficus sur), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus globulus), Oleaceae (Olea Africana), Poaceae (Andropogon abyssinicus), Rhamnaceae (Berchemia discolor, Ziziphus pubescens), Rosaceae (Hagenia abyssinica), Rubiaceae (Coffea arabica), Sapotaceae (Aningeria adolfi-friederici, Mimusops lourifolia) and Ulmaceae (Celtis africana, C. toka) [1][2] [3] [4]. It has to be mentioned, that there may be more relevant plant families.
In general, there are two seasons of honey harvesting: October - November and April - June (before and after rainy season) [5]. Gidey et al. (2012) on the other hand distinguishes between honey harvesting periods in the lowlands and midlands (November-December) and in the highlands (April-June) [6].However, due to the various climate zones in Ethiopia, honey harvesting depends on the particular region ("mini" harvesting seasons): e.g. in south-western Ethiopia there is a major harvesting season from April-June, and a minor one from November-January [7].
Indonesia: There is no information about important melliferous plant species for Apis mellifera. However, due to the similar morphology of A. mellifera and A. cerana, it can be assumed, that floral species, important for A. cerana, are also potential melliferous plant species for A. mellifera: Acanthaceae (Asystasia coromandeliana), Anacardiaceae (Mangifera indica, Mangifera spp.), Arecaceae (Areca catechu, Arenga pinnata, Caryota mitis, Cocos nucifera), Asteraceae (Bidens pilosa, Clibadium surinamens, Eupatorium inulifolium, E. odoratum, Galinsoga parviflora, Tithonia diversifolia, Mikania micrantha, Siplanthes iabadicensis, S. paniculata), Bombacaceae (Durio zibethinus), Brassicaceae (Brassica rapa, Brassica sp., Rorippa indica), Caricaceae (Carica papaya), Cucurbitaceae (Momordica charantia, Cucumis sativus, Sechium edule), Cyperaceae (Cyperus kylingia), Euphorbiaceae (Aleurites moluccana, Omalanthus pupulneus), Fabaceae (Acacia auriculiformis, Leucaena glauca, Mimosa invisa, M. pigra, M. pudica, Pithecellobium lobatum, Perkia speciosa), Graminae (Oryza sativa, Zea mays), Lauraceae (Cinnamomum burmanii, Persea americana), Loranthaceae (Loranthus europaeus), Lythraceae (Cupea spp.), Meliaceae (Melia azedarach, Toona sureni), Myrtaceae (Psidium guajava) & Verbenaceae (Tectona grandis) [8].
References
- ↑ Admasu A., Kibebew W., Ensermu K. & Amssalu B. (2014). Honeybee Forages of Ethiopia. Holeta Bee Research Center. Ethiopia.
- ↑ El Mahi A.G. & Magid T.D.A. (2014) The Potential of Acacia seyal as a Resourceful Tree for Gum Arabic in Sudan. Gum Arabic Board (Sudan). Khartoum -December 2014
- ↑ Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W. & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer.
- ↑ Haftom G., Zelealem T., Girmay M. & Awet E. (2013). Seasonal honeybee forage availability, swarming, absconding and honey harvesting in Debrekidan and Begasheka Watersheds of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for RuralDevelopment 25(4)
- ↑ Gemechis L.Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 7(5), 248-253
- ↑ Gidey Y., Bethelhem K., Dawit K. & Alem M. (2012). Assessment of beekeeping practices in Asgede Tsimbla district, Northern Ethiopia: Absconding, bee forage and bee pests. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(1), 1-5
- ↑ Awraris G.S., Yemisrach G., Dejen A., Nuru A., Gebeyehu G. & Workneh A. (2012). Honey production systems (Apis mellifera L.) in Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4(19), 528-541
- ↑ Jasmi (2017). Diversity and blooming season of food sources plant of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in polyculture plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(1), 34-40.
