Viruses
Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known. [1]. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Sacbrood Virus (SBV), Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), Varroa destructor Virus 1 (VDV-1) and Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV and CBPV). [2] [1] Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis. [3] [1]
Ethiopia: So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. However, there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia. [1]
Indonesia: According to Ellis and Munn, 6 different honey bee viruses were observed in Asia. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data regarding the virus status in Indonesia. [4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6
- ↑ Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.
- ↑ Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313
- ↑ Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323
