Treatments (if any) commonly applied to different pests
Ethiopia: To tread an infestation with ants, Ethiopian beekeepers use several traditional methods such as placing the hive on small cans and fill them with ash and dirty engine oil (Gidey & Mekonen 2010; Teklu Gebretsadik 2016), bring out ash around the hive, frequent smoking or using local eucalyptus leaves for fumigation. [1] [2] Several studies revealed, that ants were one of the most threatening pests and predators. [2] [3] Modern methods include the use of benzene, malathion and smooth iron sheets. [2] So far, no information about frequent treatment against Varroa mites could be found. But it is considered, that in most regions of Ethiopia, no treatment at all is used. Reasons can be a lack of knowledge about the severe impact of Varroa spp. on honey bees. Propolis may be one natural alternative to pesticides against the parasitic mite'. Studies revealed that propolis is a natural acaricide. [4] In a study conducted by Teklu (2016), beekeepers from southern Ethiopia practiced following traditional methods to destroy mites in the hives: burning, killing, and removing the whole hive. [2]
Indonesia:
References
- ↑ Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Teklu G. W. (2016). Survey on honeybee pests and predators in Sidama and Gedeo zones of Southern Ethiopia with emphasis on control practices. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 7(4), 173-181.
- ↑ Tolera, K., & Dejene, T. (2014). Assessment of the effect of seasonal honeybee management on honey production of Ethiopian honeybee (Apis mellifera) in modern beekeeping in Jimma Zone. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(5), 246–254.
- ↑ Ebisa, M., Eyob, H., Dasselegn, B., Lama, Y., Abdisa B., & Misganu, C. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Varroa Mite and Antivarroa Effect of Propolis in Walmara District of Oromia Special Zone Around Finfine, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000370
Treatments (if any) commonly applied to different pests ET:
SHB: By comparison of several management practices, the authors found that seasonal colony management (removing unoccupied frames, regular hive cleaning, additional feeding in the dearth period, …) may be the best treatment against SHB. They recommend to combine it with the trapping of SHBs’ larvae by dead brood trap to increase the treatment success (Alemayehu, in press). Modern methods: DDT and roach killer (Teklu 2016).
IN:
